tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5911343319764619792024-03-14T19:59:43.184+05:30ConservationplusIntrigued by the web of interactions shaping ecosystems, I delve into socio-ecological dynamics and the resilience of savannas. My passion for Bayesian approaches fuels my quest to understand this intricate world.Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-59350472880777865412021-01-09T11:18:00.044+05:302024-01-31T23:14:19.520+05:30Cymbopogons<p><span class="aCOpRe"><span>In parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka boda </span></span>(<span>బోధ గడ్డి</span>) <span class="aCOpRe"><span>is the common name for is the common name for three different <i>Cymbopogon</i> grasses found in our sites: <i>Cymbopogon martinii</i> (Roxb.) J. F. Watson, <i>Cymbopogon caesius</i> (Hook. & Arn.) Stapf, and <i>Cymbopogon jwarancusa</i> (Jones) Schult his is </span></span><span class="aCOpRe"><span>an evergreen, clump-forming, perennial grass producing erect culms 30 - 280 cm tall. </span></span></p><p><span class="aCOpRe"><span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQJkhDjC5iDbWv4RwR-zwWKmsM7IjO6O7cTBnUVN96cebpJOUAlX7f8Hs5HswFss828_YagKsWmOgiZFy9Z7gXMsEcRlJ9N5M-f8Iz-QsIMI9atpgridAoYeCj5tdCIFdZ3cl-80KyAW4/s4000/IMG_4637.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQJkhDjC5iDbWv4RwR-zwWKmsM7IjO6O7cTBnUVN96cebpJOUAlX7f8Hs5HswFss828_YagKsWmOgiZFy9Z7gXMsEcRlJ9N5M-f8Iz-QsIMI9atpgridAoYeCj5tdCIFdZ3cl-80KyAW4/w300-h400/IMG_4637.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Measuring the height of <i style="text-align: left;">Cymbopogon jwarancusa</i></td></tr></tbody></table>This grass grows well in a
well-drained gravelly soil. In summer, this grass can become highly flammable in its growing season that is in February- March and increases the fire intensity.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHcvVCaWnCwsuqHx8byLy29PMjh_h7hiyePS5y2qQHNPQLksNCRMXEW4zkjw3kuMZGhZl10X4JegkE1VOcM2IqeYs1Zm_WTfO2WzvGNayic8HP6dcsJBhl6QTtsk__2pyG6cz1v_-k2k/s2612/20210104_152330.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="2612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHcvVCaWnCwsuqHx8byLy29PMjh_h7hiyePS5y2qQHNPQLksNCRMXEW4zkjw3kuMZGhZl10X4JegkE1VOcM2IqeYs1Zm_WTfO2WzvGNayic8HP6dcsJBhl6QTtsk__2pyG6cz1v_-k2k/s320/20210104_152330.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: left;">Cymbopogon jwarancusa</i></td></tr></tbody></table>One clump of grass cover about 7 square meters of area and generally other grasses and herbs are not found in this area. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF2Os4YfKVmlNcGFN4AM6T14rOISf0RTMURDBfBc0HyayBlWJtwGn-DNhD15U_bHLNShtjjlzkyWM_F8bDJbIHI777VtmU2e2glEhF50mywNIiuN4vpm3geq1jlDnXRCCicwsrXfnAhjE/s2612/20210108_121504.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="2612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF2Os4YfKVmlNcGFN4AM6T14rOISf0RTMURDBfBc0HyayBlWJtwGn-DNhD15U_bHLNShtjjlzkyWM_F8bDJbIHI777VtmU2e2glEhF50mywNIiuN4vpm3geq1jlDnXRCCicwsrXfnAhjE/s320/20210108_121504.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: left;">Cymbopogon jwarancusa</i></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN62mCC_CAs6ovAegdO381_FvNiPbxr2HTfH928cH72D6VNZL3kqieMAHDrZGT5DVCzAo33O-CqJz3-7UNrJh2l_ZMMc2h-GBq_V6pADJJg2dtgH9aiHIaMDwkUn8YJQ27Zbw_bjwlXCI/s2048/Scan+27.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1488" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN62mCC_CAs6ovAegdO381_FvNiPbxr2HTfH928cH72D6VNZL3kqieMAHDrZGT5DVCzAo33O-CqJz3-7UNrJh2l_ZMMc2h-GBq_V6pADJJg2dtgH9aiHIaMDwkUn8YJQ27Zbw_bjwlXCI/s320/Scan+27.jpg" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Herbarium specimen of <i>Cymbopogon jwarancusa</i></td></tr></tbody></table>In a recent study, we demonstrated that the removal of this dominant grass and exclusion of fire resulted in positive outcomes for both human livelihoods and biodiversity. We believe that fire management alone is not adequate to restore ecosystems to their desired or historical state, a common practice in many parts of the world. Read more about our findings in the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/btp.13269" target="_blank">article</a>.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><p><br /></p>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-31300992453822123032020-12-31T20:14:00.037+05:302024-01-31T22:54:07.346+05:30A summer fodder crop<p></p><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyxD6PWEeeFb42UnKA81TYJmN1SY2Hqljv06uPIhE8AAdkrNvPSd-S7S3xSBkHCTNG2vme95jTgqswg39dW5wgs1XLKYGjIYw0eewNqH_zCvSjJNYky6VdMWwdIol3IHUsAJ-p6_aStxY/s2048/IMG_4307.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyxD6PWEeeFb42UnKA81TYJmN1SY2Hqljv06uPIhE8AAdkrNvPSd-S7S3xSBkHCTNG2vme95jTgqswg39dW5wgs1XLKYGjIYw0eewNqH_zCvSjJNYky6VdMWwdIol3IHUsAJ-p6_aStxY/w300-h400/IMG_4307.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flowers of <i>Sehima nervosum</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>Sehima nervosum </i>is a common perennial grass found in open areas and wastelands in India. In the Telugu-speaking regions of Chittoor and Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, it's affectionately known as Konda gaddi. It's considered one of the most versatile fodder grasses, even when it's dry. Livestock keepers often turn to it when other, more palatable options are scarce. Its preferred habitats are red soils, loams, and sandy soils.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="400" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/g-gQwdW6s8m8COZ1YEJLneBoxzFwWEklmLkctt-GkJJSqbLbyB1uH7bcRGa1DLrpwFwwvw18uFdA5HEVJdWBB3Gz4A0qcFNISELf9eeZqXUyEFz5B5WZMOIm29AgTGMKqAVQsSen=w325-h400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px;" width="325" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Herbarium specimen of <i>Sehima nervosum</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">This tufted, upright perennial grass typically grows to a height of 100-120 cm, with slender, brittle stems. The leaves can reach up to 30 cm in length and turn a characteristic white hue as the plant matures. The seed head resembles a rat's tail and measures 6–10 cm in length. Sehima nervosum typically blooms from December to January.</div></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0Thamballapalle, Andhra Pradesh 517418, India13.8220544 78.4489062-14.488179436178845 43.292656199999996 42.132288236178844 113.6051562tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-40032123243817261602019-03-24T11:33:00.001+05:302024-01-31T23:25:04.435+05:30Wisdom walk<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">A tool for generational transfer of rich, local traditional ecological knowledge, practice, and culture.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHb6qKqxe-zPn832J-XqqS9xXyeIS6jX_a4jQOAyX9q-YE2weZvcqk0fr4LG38qYwvhPngVISuxzZ3V1LRt0xWqnoaez_dfhswGJ_9ojr5M85-odkgJOmW2bzgwRDzl6DVRX6KuXFLg/s1600/Wisdom+Walk+Poster+.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="A poster presented at Kanha" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTUHb6qKqxe-zPn832J-XqqS9xXyeIS6jX_a4jQOAyX9q-YE2weZvcqk0fr4LG38qYwvhPngVISuxzZ3V1LRt0xWqnoaez_dfhswGJ_9ojr5M85-odkgJOmW2bzgwRDzl6DVRX6KuXFLg/w300-h400/Wisdom+Walk+Poster+.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A poster presented at the partners meet in Kanha</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-60598592753988075492015-07-01T12:51:00.001+05:302015-07-01T12:59:42.117+05:30Wisdom Walk to conserve Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Biological Resources<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRGwg9OBr2lyJ_mzEyt3OYYVvJopzXDE71GBSiVsqnTxt4oCEI8AiyEu53MdSYuTbuxpniwfpB7NBZUrp-zT7ERF_JkJrMfHY7XFtKLsPpkHiA6AvapTFPRjik9mNfyPX5clam7EvdByg/s1600/New+Picture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Historically, our communities survived on their traditional
ecological knowledge (TEK) base. The products they manufactured formed part of
their livelihood. Even today many local and indigenous communities meet their
basic needs from the products they manufacture and sell based on their
traditional knowledge. Maintenance of their health even now is based on
traditional medicines derived from plants and other natural products. The developments
of new technology, medicinal products, educational system etc. are major threat
to the survival of many of these communities and their knowledge. TEK is
generally associated with biological resources and is invariably an impalpable
component of such biological resources.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In layperson’s words, TEK could be realized as knowledge
which has been collected or accumulated by a community through years of experience,
it is often attempted and tried out over long period of time, and it is also
well adapted to local culture and environment. Traditional knowledge is deep
rooted in every community across the globe. Such kind of knowledge system is
vital for their well-being and for sustainable development. The traditional
knowledge system has been developed by the communities to conserve and utilize
the biological diversity of their surroundings.</span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Sources of TEK</span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">If we look around in our environment,
we will find out legion sources of TEK hidden in our villages, countryside,
community etc. The main sources could are: farmers, community leaders, elder
persons, folklore, painters, healers, shepherds etc. It is also apt to mention
that TEK is locally appropriate and specifically adapted as per the requirement
of local conditions, it provides a control in resources exploitation required
for immediate survival, and it helps in having diversified production system
without overexploitation of a single resource. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">How to protect TEK</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">There are numerous reasons
which depict the need to protect the TEK. “Until recently, western scientists
have typically rejected the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples as
anecdotal, non-quantitative, and unscientific.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Today the scientific importance of traditional knowledge is recognized
and valued by those carrying out research in areas that are inhabited by
indigenous peoples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Educators also recognize
the importance of using traditional knowledge in the classroom and there are
currently many efforts to develop culturally relevant curricula for classrooms
all across the globe.” (L. C. Sommer, C. E. Talus et.al,</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Fourteenth AR M Science Team Meeting
Proceedings, Albuquerque,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mexico, 2004).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Berkes 1999, TEK is “[a] cumulative
body of knowledge, practice, and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and
handed down through generations by cultural transmission, about the
relationships of living beings (including humans) with<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one another and with their environment.”</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">To improve the livelihoods of TEK holders
and communities- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">TEK
is a valuable asset to indigenous and<b> </b>local communities who depend
on TEK for their<b> </b>livelihood as well as to manage and exploit their<b>
</b>local ecosystem in sustainable manner. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">To prevent biopiracy- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Biopiracy refers either to the unauthorized<b>
</b>extraction of biological resources and / or<b> </b>associated TEK or
to the patenting, without<b> </b>compensation of spurious inventions based
on<b> </b>such knowledge or resources.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">To prevent knowledge erosion- </span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Documentation and transfer of TEK is urgently needed in view of
the rapid erosion of this knowledge base.</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">To conserve the environment - </span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">The traditional communities are intelligent
and have made agriculture sustainable through their<b> </b>different
agricultural practices. They create a<b> </b>balance between the
environment and<b> </b>requirement. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">To conserve resources-</span></b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> Strategy for protection should take into
account the fact that genetic resources and TEK are inextricably linked.</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></li>
</ol>
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documentary </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">by
Timo Holthoff, Learn2Change - Global Network of Educational Activists.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_848851443"> </a></span><a href="https://youtu.be/0FeXrwf0YPM"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">https://youtu.be/0FeXrwf0YPM</span></a></div>
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Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-76032861401570515972015-06-01T15:01:00.000+05:302015-06-01T15:01:43.715+05:30A page for forest fire<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKCCeLC6L9Aof25Jw_Tj3onuBv78murUXuC4ZJbQWmDrnipKNbawiZejrJWoET2NjgrXaQ2BMT99slkWisrOaZNzXMDYWNa_edHCvmIeHtjmjFzFMJkks_HE5oXXuzQzGdBgEC8UWQyHw/s1600/Fire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKCCeLC6L9Aof25Jw_Tj3onuBv78murUXuC4ZJbQWmDrnipKNbawiZejrJWoET2NjgrXaQ2BMT99slkWisrOaZNzXMDYWNa_edHCvmIeHtjmjFzFMJkks_HE5oXXuzQzGdBgEC8UWQyHw/s1600/Fire.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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1. This video show the destruction of my home texas.-<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqr2DNaMLiQ"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqr2DNaMLiQ</a><br />
2. Video shot by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department shows how quickly a
wildfire is moving through Bastrop State Park. At least two-thirds of
the 6,000 acre park have burned. (Sept. 6)- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m67ZokFYl2A">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m67ZokFYl2A</a><br />
3. Camera captures video and temperature as a high-intensity crown fire
rolls through. From the International Crown Fire Modeling Experiments in
the Northwest Territories. (2000)- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvPa_yEEd4E">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvPa_yEEd4E</a><br />
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4.An overview of the International Crown Fire Modeling Experiments in Canada's Northwest Territories. (1997)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYup7cYKE3w</div>
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5. An overgrown canyon goes up in a firestorm as firefighters pull out in
this major brush fire in Southern California. There is little they can
do to save homes nestled amongst old timber growth without proper brush
clearance. We stay as homes burn. Listen to the hiss of propane tanks
and the pop of live ammo going off towards the end of the clip.- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsfwiRfvB80">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsfwiRfvB80</a></div>
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6. Malibu goes up yet again in this most recent incident (11-24-07).
Footage shows homes burning as residents and firefighters do what they
can to save what has not yet taken off. Additional footage shows fire
advancing through upper Latigo Canyon in fuel strands that have not
burned in 50 years...This is not footage that was taken off the
television - this is footage that was shot right from the firelines by
the poster.- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkE7mVXf_GM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkE7mVXf_GM</a></div>
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7. 9-11-2013 A grass/ bushfire started on bringelly rd and travelled fast
towards Camden valley way . the fire was stopped by helicopters and also
the hard work of fire rescue and the rfs- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QC-dsOxS9d0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QC-dsOxS9d0</a></div>
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8. Night scenes of a forest fire with huge flames. Watch the vehicle lights
of Hellenic Firefight Service as flames approaching them. Listen to the
terrible "noise" a forest fire is making.- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTTCvEgmjjo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTTCvEgmjjo</a></div>
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9. Here is three hours of a crackling log fire in high quality sound. Its a
blazing hot one for all my fellow pyros out there. Use headphones if
you want to hear the holophonics of this soundscape. I will be posting
more soundscapes soon, thanks and enjoy.- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25SV6zqTl1k">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25SV6zqTl1k</a></div>
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Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-18918660567392141812014-03-15T12:15:00.002+05:302014-03-15T12:15:16.291+05:30The little things that run the world<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhamBDBHEbqlREpSs1K3jsPn2XzbvPZo1ntXd4G7M8o3LaF2Y3agh2nbl2uDswsmcEZWUQsF36YlweG2HGLvX8JZXvKcItnEMAGfmLEQ3H__f3uyP0n72Fn6yz1nWSGYcGUOcr3vIsXQIE/s1600/BF.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhamBDBHEbqlREpSs1K3jsPn2XzbvPZo1ntXd4G7M8o3LaF2Y3agh2nbl2uDswsmcEZWUQsF36YlweG2HGLvX8JZXvKcItnEMAGfmLEQ3H__f3uyP0n72Fn6yz1nWSGYcGUOcr3vIsXQIE/s1600/BF.JPG" height="157" width="320" /></a></div>
‘The little things that run the world’ is a compilation that has emerged from a study of arthropod diversity in agro-forest landscapes of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats. It is a brief, simple, non-technical guide to insects and the diversity of critical ecosystem functions they perform. It is hoped that the booklet will reach out to indigenous farmers, estate field officers and young children alike, and help promote organic farming for a healthier planet.<br />
Download from the link- <a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://keystone-foundation.org/download/435/">https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://keystone-foundation.org/download/435/</a></div>
Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-81214797649650143642013-02-01T15:19:00.000+05:302013-02-05T18:12:56.927+05:30Love in a puff<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Love in a puff or Balloon plant<i> (Cardiospermum halicacabum)</i>, is a climbing plant commonly found in Madanapalle and NP Kunta.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLmromubXW9gsHC1AkeUikkUJ-s9UKqNsLJWtJ7H19GVzvl0Y8idbkDhUhpVzKQjdoxJcFD5OGVmZTbQzZ9YxjhYWilEhaaj9IG1zfeTbKbvcPCWG6BjvxPQuCkvN75KHTfNvM53YmnpE/s1600/DSC02906.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLmromubXW9gsHC1AkeUikkUJ-s9UKqNsLJWtJ7H19GVzvl0Y8idbkDhUhpVzKQjdoxJcFD5OGVmZTbQzZ9YxjhYWilEhaaj9IG1zfeTbKbvcPCWG6BjvxPQuCkvN75KHTfNvM53YmnpE/s320/DSC02906.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flower and unripe fruits of <i>Cardiospermum halicacabum.</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqOBDnqWb772l7KBsoyct9Z0PjCQ03RUb0Ny7qhA7KQc_fYDT5lc5UfmkTFGFeh-lW9LmKCYd3KJfO4pysX9f0OORn0smB3lbz-Kk7z5dbFfvVWRQuqwSKpoNzTv_0ezhEjMJs25pDB0/s1600/DSC02901.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">.<img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGqOBDnqWb772l7KBsoyct9Z0PjCQ03RUb0Ny7qhA7KQc_fYDT5lc5UfmkTFGFeh-lW9LmKCYd3KJfO4pysX9f0OORn0smB3lbz-Kk7z5dbFfvVWRQuqwSKpoNzTv_0ezhEjMJs25pDB0/s320/DSC02901.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Matured seeds in the puffed&balloon shaped bags. </td></tr>
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Cardiospermum is a genus which are native to the American, Indian, and African tropics. The genus name is derived from the Greek words <i>cardio</i>, meaning "heart," and <i>sperma</i>, meaning "seed."<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIXC3UKCOy5cRIWgRAFnGSnN6iUZr1HPIrGoPVqB6ARt0STwr3ymnV6Hvj135PT7qUfN3g_3mqBi-HrTIUPmV2FIs9BHMRaRdhnTepZf39Vtsh-APg47bpHCW22FuFCpqdb1-uz9TxUp0/s1600/DSC02924.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIXC3UKCOy5cRIWgRAFnGSnN6iUZr1HPIrGoPVqB6ARt0STwr3ymnV6Hvj135PT7qUfN3g_3mqBi-HrTIUPmV2FIs9BHMRaRdhnTepZf39Vtsh-APg47bpHCW22FuFCpqdb1-uz9TxUp0/s320/DSC02924.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White heart-shaped mark on spherical seeds of <i>Cardiospermum halicacabum</i></td></tr>
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It is a very famous herb in Tamilnadu India, in treating rheumatoid, joint pain, skin diseases and intestinal inflammation.<br />
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Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0Nambula Pulakunta, Andhra Pradesh, India14.0557623 78.41194919999998114.0480608 78.401864199999977 14.0634638 78.422034199999985tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-69338140003086485972012-12-14T12:10:00.000+05:302013-01-03T10:50:53.112+05:30An irrigation tank in Madanapalle<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Madanapalle has numerous wetlands in the form of irrigation tanks, some of which are centuries old, and are traditionally managed by the village communities. These tanks provide habitat for a variety of life forms. Such as frogs, waders, snakes, bird of prays, insect larvae etc. wetland flora is also very rich. I visited one such tank in November and I saw birds, insects, plants, frogs... <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovI3malY6QF0lFOxUYf34SqvnvsKvDB8Az_nACEFaXkBV6cLQc1GDBVHorQnVYuLOZDrPLev9htaatxfurOPbANHp3zZQ9D1qsTwXDnLAQ7B5Qt_AdDoL0ZXw2qPt_dYz2HBGm27WVlo/s1600/DSC01406.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovI3malY6QF0lFOxUYf34SqvnvsKvDB8Az_nACEFaXkBV6cLQc1GDBVHorQnVYuLOZDrPLev9htaatxfurOPbANHp3zZQ9D1qsTwXDnLAQ7B5Qt_AdDoL0ZXw2qPt_dYz2HBGm27WVlo/s320/DSC01406.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My friend Raghu observes water birds of an irrigation tank in a November morning</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8YbaEbiuasRsTYUvDZKoI7aQWiHHOvByXcW9gBJSPQka9bYLflGlaVlUx5tB01NBDHIsa_7JG4ZzKQlQ1vfhNEDyBV_ceb9vQ50NuQ_asJvaVZAdCZTYd1MDq-Mng6rkvZOO6VVD6Xhc/s1600/DSC02575.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8YbaEbiuasRsTYUvDZKoI7aQWiHHOvByXcW9gBJSPQka9bYLflGlaVlUx5tB01NBDHIsa_7JG4ZzKQlQ1vfhNEDyBV_ceb9vQ50NuQ_asJvaVZAdCZTYd1MDq-Mng6rkvZOO6VVD6Xhc/s320/DSC02575.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A panoramic view of Madanapalle town.</td></tr>
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This hilly and undulating semi-arid landscape has mostly thorny scrub with patches of dry deciduous forests. The hills form the broken ranges of the lower Eastern Ghats that connect to the Western Ghats. Most of the water tanks are home to a variety of waders.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAR_7kYKzgS-0JZuzDHjTyf7Qs1RNivP7RqBmw4WHJ7Nm5sJQ4Xm38O9Av9Y0vN0ol1m1myPBWZYFkFJk7tiKmtJfdcXKl7VhP9o89vC2zWEARWQVmEJMBhBhfQBHCygOAbVJIqUs670/s1600/Short-toed+snake+eagle+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAR_7kYKzgS-0JZuzDHjTyf7Qs1RNivP7RqBmw4WHJ7Nm5sJQ4Xm38O9Av9Y0vN0ol1m1myPBWZYFkFJk7tiKmtJfdcXKl7VhP9o89vC2zWEARWQVmEJMBhBhfQBHCygOAbVJIqUs670/s320/Short-toed+snake+eagle+(1).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A short-toed snake eagle soars above a man made tank on a sunny day in November.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCavmm8PBAptdRjGPx8gEgBuEHyH0sOt9V7jmxgG04wyHKQJChZg_Y0yi8U28UTwCW-ldL6qzhkkKZao_ysQFvJjXWTiIl9sFwuR787wHqhp1r8t8Od1dM-4afH6hm88eRNfvu2LUoGNw/s1600/Short-toed+snake+eagle+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCavmm8PBAptdRjGPx8gEgBuEHyH0sOt9V7jmxgG04wyHKQJChZg_Y0yi8U28UTwCW-ldL6qzhkkKZao_ysQFvJjXWTiIl9sFwuR787wHqhp1r8t8Od1dM-4afH6hm88eRNfvu2LUoGNw/s320/Short-toed+snake+eagle+(2).jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A short-toed snake eagle perches on the ground in Madanaplle</td></tr>
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A short-toed snake eagle gazes into the photographer's lens. This bird of prey, a resident about the height of a small goat is very common in the open scrub lands. Looking for a snake and the snake was…<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4FmRuyA_7de9-kqS-AFznQnptL986wPiNxbE7rLsaRbIyBBhy20cQdKV6VFBIbUcKEHdHeMZV3W1yr6guzwryTsepez0oOxCRtzPQ1d8vOYzu4V2aUSzRMoVacXQJwtn6mKB3mfW1C7g/s1600/Green+sandpiper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4FmRuyA_7de9-kqS-AFznQnptL986wPiNxbE7rLsaRbIyBBhy20cQdKV6VFBIbUcKEHdHeMZV3W1yr6guzwryTsepez0oOxCRtzPQ1d8vOYzu4V2aUSzRMoVacXQJwtn6mKB3mfW1C7g/s320/Green+sandpiper.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Green Sandpiper in Madanapalle.</td></tr>
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Green sandpiper is a small wader. It breeds across Europe and Asia and is a migratory bird. Feeds on small invertebrate items picked off the mud as this species works steadily around the edges of its chosen pond. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWT9KPa8ecoqwJAOURJyLa7240wvy_wlfq4nHj2LFXoY_LoxdiqL4sIjosZHHHER_lI2hNfNassviv1I7ghhMr4lrXk9xjcQQnNLltp6QAMk4SSOAbrRSkN-W9WrUnfBToJoWzJLj5hqI/s1600/wood+sandpiper+%2528Juvenile%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWT9KPa8ecoqwJAOURJyLa7240wvy_wlfq4nHj2LFXoY_LoxdiqL4sIjosZHHHER_lI2hNfNassviv1I7ghhMr4lrXk9xjcQQnNLltp6QAMk4SSOAbrRSkN-W9WrUnfBToJoWzJLj5hqI/s320/wood+sandpiper+%2528Juvenile%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A wood sandpiper (Juvenile) in Madanapalle</td></tr>
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The sweeping color of sea and sky, blue is a common thread in nature. This juvenile wood sandpiper forages by probing in shallow water or on wet mud, and mainly eat insects and similar small prey. This bird is usually found on freshwater during migration and wintering.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuSJ4qtTu2trIMskKOnCwJgiLd30IdJOF8evwzvsjQFNmmJyNreTGhDoFMczzp8MATQztbu53-8o3ac3lWcioVo9ZSk3H2S55G0Qqm1Se4mt2df2z8pF7XmrdILAnloZmlHFbcwBelQ3U/s1600/Black+winged+stilt+and+a+coot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuSJ4qtTu2trIMskKOnCwJgiLd30IdJOF8evwzvsjQFNmmJyNreTGhDoFMczzp8MATQztbu53-8o3ac3lWcioVo9ZSk3H2S55G0Qqm1Se4mt2df2z8pF7XmrdILAnloZmlHFbcwBelQ3U/s320/Black+winged+stilt+and+a+coot.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black winged stilt and a coot</td></tr>
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A flock of black-winged stilt's (adults and juveniles) rest and a coot swims in an irrigation tank in Madanapalle.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnR85Ec5iXLLM5SHsnauRl-krNoc_3sNrkwTU6oEHLnYjc91j1zPE84eTFyUgRR-juGkM2mlFe41sM59pLSRnxI4MxchkFxCe1OXukF3-1swWS9cD3blXjGy5VkJN2oEcgv2Pdndqpc_s/s1600/Red-wattled+lapwing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnR85Ec5iXLLM5SHsnauRl-krNoc_3sNrkwTU6oEHLnYjc91j1zPE84eTFyUgRR-juGkM2mlFe41sM59pLSRnxI4MxchkFxCe1OXukF3-1swWS9cD3blXjGy5VkJN2oEcgv2Pdndqpc_s/s320/Red-wattled+lapwing.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red-wattled lapwing. </td></tr>
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The did-he-do-it bird ! The red-wattled lapwing is a lapwing or large plover, a wader.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcpmE39_V2N9TziayM8SoJ9SfFH3kXbBbdAzqbc5dQOXiyRJZ4dx_7XzvhYLed49XDyqaiq3VUZjorLgaMA2gmIK_dy6hJOQL8QhJSy5x27kOLMK5viyxQcjOmteBQedXNrMe6bSOkQ_4/s1600/Untitled-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcpmE39_V2N9TziayM8SoJ9SfFH3kXbBbdAzqbc5dQOXiyRJZ4dx_7XzvhYLed49XDyqaiq3VUZjorLgaMA2gmIK_dy6hJOQL8QhJSy5x27kOLMK5viyxQcjOmteBQedXNrMe6bSOkQ_4/s320/Untitled-8.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A lark behind the grass</td></tr>
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A bird trying to conceal from me. Their dull appearance camouflages them on the ground, especially when on the nest. They feed on insects and seeds.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQspoWW0lZOsiyoBfGq7KpsyOsQMCnlttxwzq5W8NRg1d-eHIiIErn-slPqXBaKXca3XDayXQMiFkFrkpB_xF6Io0K3M47kZAW6N660cMYMYycXteDNvPBusYyWQ_dLd16XXq8pfUWnj0/s1600/Untitled-12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQspoWW0lZOsiyoBfGq7KpsyOsQMCnlttxwzq5W8NRg1d-eHIiIErn-slPqXBaKXca3XDayXQMiFkFrkpB_xF6Io0K3M47kZAW6N660cMYMYycXteDNvPBusYyWQ_dLd16XXq8pfUWnj0/s320/Untitled-12.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tiny, <span class="st">narrow-mouthed Frog</span> frog, <i>microhyla ornata.</i></td></tr>
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Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians. I saw this stout-bodied one on the bank of a irrigation tank in Madanapalle. Don’t know the name of this frog- need help!</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE8EwtEMA1r9gZTtECRvbNbL4UOWJqTUQV63YDQHjEdLwvRb9j5qI34G0roDqV_uzzRR4lX3coxT8Wg1aY7W8OAJDqwd1vBbaVcvNkmpZsYUVwjLl42j3PdjyhNKflCwVuStgUV8EK3EA/s1600/Untitled-9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE8EwtEMA1r9gZTtECRvbNbL4UOWJqTUQV63YDQHjEdLwvRb9j5qI34G0roDqV_uzzRR4lX3coxT8Wg1aY7W8OAJDqwd1vBbaVcvNkmpZsYUVwjLl42j3PdjyhNKflCwVuStgUV8EK3EA/s320/Untitled-9.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="st">Green Pond Frog, </span><i>euphyctis hexadactyla</i></td></tr>
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Green may be the most common color found in nature—it's everywhere from leaves, grass, and moss to snakes, butterflies, and even the northern lights. Green represents life, vitality, nature, and, of course, environmentalism.</div>
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Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India13.54856 78.50473813.5176865 78.465256 13.5794335 78.54422000000001tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-9616230608463972772012-08-22T10:52:00.002+05:302012-08-22T11:33:56.458+05:30Stratus clouds in Nilgiri valleys<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUi7GAwHJhhj_yrRr8XlPRZXXCL98ZxeQOboXJOkRHwunSnXZTNshfz_SdGmkHbhxJdwKP787pIqzNMCcWpD5Q6cX9t4_PjK6wgd7oQI8rpRMNiXO-mw5eOcCCFpnfueQ5RGMlqNsl-Uc/s1600/Traped+Cloudes.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUi7GAwHJhhj_yrRr8XlPRZXXCL98ZxeQOboXJOkRHwunSnXZTNshfz_SdGmkHbhxJdwKP787pIqzNMCcWpD5Q6cX9t4_PjK6wgd7oQI8rpRMNiXO-mw5eOcCCFpnfueQ5RGMlqNsl-Uc/s400/Traped+Cloudes.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stratus clouds seen in one of the valleys of NBR (Photo P.A. Vinayan)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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Clouds form in a valley mostly related to the temperature inversion. Mountain areas often produce morning valley fog after a clear night where air near the damp ground has cooled by radiation. As the cool air is heavier it stays in the valleys, leaving the tops in clear warmer air. The sun will normally destroy this effect within a few hours of rising. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1105393611"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></a>
<a href="http://www.fellwalk.co.uk/page54.htm"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">http://www.fellwalk.co.uk/page54.htm</span></a></div>
Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-26461038452148551822012-08-21T18:24:00.002+05:302012-08-21T18:35:37.405+05:30Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana) bloooms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhQJry3W9jOHLzUPwItu9_xOregtYoyeQnu1C-zsBpYRRHZXGecCklUGnM_Kr7t0nRD4q95sNbOiys1R-0DWp3nx_2JadGlOYGrMAqBqv4pJq-sBUj13LPpyxc7rb5H-vGNA0nxZ19Jh4/s1600/DSCF6290.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhQJry3W9jOHLzUPwItu9_xOregtYoyeQnu1C-zsBpYRRHZXGecCklUGnM_Kr7t0nRD4q95sNbOiys1R-0DWp3nx_2JadGlOYGrMAqBqv4pJq-sBUj13LPpyxc7rb5H-vGNA0nxZ19Jh4/s320/DSCF6290.jpg" width="290" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="st"><i>Strobilanthes</i></span></td></tr>
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<i>Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana)</i> is a shrub that used to grow abundantly in the shola grasslands of the Western Ghats. An unphilosophical claim is often made that the 'blue mountains' of 'nilgiris' descend their name from the richness of this plant received on these terrains. I saw bees burst with happiness and pollen. They are so happy because, they get huge quantity of scrumptious nectar from these lurid purple flowers.<br />
Neelakurinji that blossoms gregariously only once in 12 years so now this can't be a gregarious flowering! This is August 2012, last gregarious flowering happened in 2006 so... I don't know.. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3MgNMPE7S_EUrjUgKu8g7j4baBTpH0OBfT_nDUiKgOTSSky0058XurVVij1utodxsvYCNVrP6cgKw-PcjwcKGugJjtmmAuLrLM1b3uqxHnaV7IC-FgC-WvM7-ENxCQsdxizI8I9I3khs/s1600/Mountains+in+blue-+Sillent+Valley+NP.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3MgNMPE7S_EUrjUgKu8g7j4baBTpH0OBfT_nDUiKgOTSSky0058XurVVij1utodxsvYCNVrP6cgKw-PcjwcKGugJjtmmAuLrLM1b3uqxHnaV7IC-FgC-WvM7-ENxCQsdxizI8I9I3khs/s320/Mountains+in+blue-+Sillent+Valley+NP.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blue mountains- Photo Vinayan. P. A.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu, India11.420334 76.86019511.389205500000001 76.820713 11.4514625 76.899677000000011tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-1462391363856298712012-08-21T15:22:00.003+05:302012-08-25T15:45:52.897+05:30Orographic clouds<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjcSRKiT8sjQYv8ix1FzQqOQ6Zo36msGHS-FbLz2XhRhR3csAJy0jcNreySUbHvP2Ib85N-KJbUUNs6tXVNX7mClkoEW7dR6DVW4QahfdoN0Zqf-HXOTgVLYA8JT0JyIQrP5YsnF6oAnM/s1600/P1011837.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjcSRKiT8sjQYv8ix1FzQqOQ6Zo36msGHS-FbLz2XhRhR3csAJy0jcNreySUbHvP2Ib85N-KJbUUNs6tXVNX7mClkoEW7dR6DVW4QahfdoN0Zqf-HXOTgVLYA8JT0JyIQrP5YsnF6oAnM/s320/P1011837.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Classic orographic cloud</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On July 11 of 2012, I was traveling towards Kochin through the Palghat gap of the Western Ghats. I saw this wonderful phenomena that the clouds are being attracted and trapped by mountains. Orographic clouds form when humid air blows over the top of the mountain. The air must rise to go over the mountain range. When the air rises it reaches its lifting condensation level and clouds form. This happen when the air temperature at the peak is colder than the dew point of the air then the moisture in the air condenses into visible clouds when the air rises around and above the peak. The lifting condensation level (LCL) is the point where the water vapor begins to condense and is visible as clouds.<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Thanks to John Walton, who helped me in the identification of the cloud. He is a Professor, Dept. Civil Engineering University of Texas.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">John Walton's website <a href="http://windowoutdoors.com/">http://windowoutdoors.com</a>) </span></div>
Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India11.0168445 76.955832110.892156499999999 76.7979036 11.1415325 77.113760599999992tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-27570349472457437362012-08-06T13:25:00.000+05:302012-08-21T14:52:53.358+05:30Bee and Resin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYgxxC1IBcwiflcmRLFs2Wq6WE_RZFwYH27lPbX8zLpwIDx_fcV8fVpT-A7WdmWR36NzQwMZxza_44sgqhSf3UeVARpcDzl3vDamhrWCI-6-ThyphenhyphencsZRR8Zh6PdBrsfESmOV7EXi9jGfs/s1600/DSCN0071.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYgxxC1IBcwiflcmRLFs2Wq6WE_RZFwYH27lPbX8zLpwIDx_fcV8fVpT-A7WdmWR36NzQwMZxza_44sgqhSf3UeVARpcDzl3vDamhrWCI-6-ThyphenhyphencsZRR8Zh6PdBrsfESmOV7EXi9jGfs/s320/DSCN0071.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Euaspis carbonaria (A Megachilid - Leaf cutting Bee)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Among the social insects, many bees, especially in the tropics, collect and use resins as a nest-building material (Roubik 1989). In tropical regions where resinous plants are more abundant, bees simply exploit this commonly available resource for structural benefits.This is most likely the case in colonies of some ants and honey bees where a few individuals collect and return to the nest with loads of resin to use in the nest interior.<br />
The bee in the picture was shot while collecting resin from a <i>canarium strictum </i>tree from the forest in May 2012. </div>
Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-39846126907781095802012-03-02T10:41:00.003+05:302012-03-02T11:44:02.669+05:30Rivers of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKWfz4GGT6XWDzDjVSCVEmV2k2jj1Yyo1p9ckwGy9KHncYB8VdycUQB2ZCh2kzyZPKRxvnYkhP6sdE0YuO80m4rS-2oQakkUwiIj4CSYnzyZhMIM5kXvP99v2q85d4wi_wgzWl_YFqQI/s1600/Cascades.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKWfz4GGT6XWDzDjVSCVEmV2k2jj1Yyo1p9ckwGy9KHncYB8VdycUQB2ZCh2kzyZPKRxvnYkhP6sdE0YuO80m4rS-2oQakkUwiIj4CSYnzyZhMIM5kXvP99v2q85d4wi_wgzWl_YFqQI/s320/Cascades.JPG" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A waterfall</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">“The river has taught me to listen, and you will learn it from the river as well. The river knows everything, and everything can be learned from it. See, you've already learned this from the water: that it is good to strive downwards, to sink and to seek depth. The river is everywhere at once, at the source and the mouth, at the waterfall, the ferry, the rapids, the sea, and the mountains. It is everywhere at once” - Siddhartha, Hesse.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">All the rivers in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve start their journey from mountain sholas, grasslands or wetlands. Fairly good rainfall in the region accounts for the countless small brooks which run for some distance but get absorbed by the top soil of the slopes, before they gain enough strength to flow further. These brooks become rivers and provide our drinking water, nourish our agriculture, and support many endangered species. While each river is unique, all rivers are part of larger systems, and have common characteristics that enable us to understand how they function and how to protect them. </div></div><br />
Few rivers of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve are briefed below:<br />
<b>Pykara river</b><br />
Pykara River originates in the Mukurthi peak and passes through a hilly tract, generally keeping to the north and turns to the west after reaching the Nilgiri plateau's edge. There are a number of falls formed by this<br />
river, and the last two falls of 55 meters and 61 meters respectively, are known as Pykara falls. After reaching Wayanad, this river turns westward and has a fall near Theppakadu, off the Gudalur-Mysore road. From here, this river is known as the Moyar River and continues its journey towards the east, where it joins the Bhavani River at 2 Denaickankottai. Finally this river ends at the Bhavanisagar dam. Pykara is the largest river in the Nilgiris District. It is of sacred value to the Toda community.<b> </b><br />
<b>Sigur River</b><br />
Sigur River springs up from the Udhagamandalam slopes. Two streams the Malkod from Pykara Hill and the Billikallu halla from Billikal betta join to form this river. After a point it is joined by Sandy Nallah stream,<br />
flowing towards Kalhatti, which is about 9 kms north-west of Udhagamandalam. Here it drops 52 m and forms a beautiful waterfall (Kalhatti water falls), after which it flows along the Sigur Ghat and finally<br />
joins the Moyar River.<b> </b><br />
<b>Bhavani River</b><br />
Bhavani River rises in the Upper Nilgiri plateau, drains the Attapadi valley in Kerala, collects the waters of the Kundah river and flowing past Mettupalayam joins Moyar river at Bhavanisagar. Further on it reaches<br />
Cauveri river at Bhavani town after a 217 km flow. About 90% of the river's water is used for agriculture. Pesticides from the tea estates of the Nilgiris District seep into the Bhavani. It is estimated that tea estates and<br />
coffee pulp houses add about 1.5 million litres per day (MLD) of effluents to the river every day.<b> </b><br />
<b>Pandiar River</b><br />
Pandiar River originates in the grasslands on the northern slopes of the Mukurthi National Park and joins with the Punnapuzha river, a tributary of Karimpuzha. This is one of the last free flowing rivers of South India<br />
which has not been dammed. Karimpuzha River originates from the western slopes of the NBR, near<br />
the Mukurthi Peak. Cherupuzha river, which joins the Karimpuzha near Karulai, originates from the forests to the north-west of Upper Bhavani 4 reservoir. This river is the largest tributary of the Chaliyar (Beypore<br />
river). The Karimpuzha joins the Chaliyar at Chaliyar mukku, near Nilambur town in Kerala and flows west to join the Arabian Sea. This river is famous for it’s freshwater fish species diversity. Important endemic fish, such as the Tor malabaricus and Glyptothorax annandalei have been described from this river.<b> </b><br />
<b>Siruvani River</b><br />
Siruvani River originates from the Siruvani Hills and is one of the tributaries of the Bhavani. The Siruvani waterfalls and the dam named after it are located 37 kms to the west of Coimbatore. Water from the<br />
Siruvani river is renowned for its taste and mineral properties and is one of the main water sources for Coimbatore city.Coonoor River originates from the south eastern slopes of Doddabetta range and collecting waters from streams in and around Wellington, flows through Coonoor ghats to feed the Bhavani river at Nellithorai near Mettupalayam. The Kallar river collecting waters from the Catherine Falls (76m) below Kotagiri on it’s westward flow meets at the same confluence.<b> </b><br />
<b>Kabini River</b><br />
Kabini River is a confluence of the Panamaram river (originating from Lakkidi Hills, Kerala) and Mananthavady river (originating from Tondarmudi hills, Kerala). After flowing through Mananthavady town,<br />
the Mananthavady river joins the Panamaram river near Payyampally. Two kilometers from Payyampally, the Kabani River forms an island called Kuruva Island, spreading over 950 acres containing diverse and<br />
unique flora and fauna. Downstream from the island, another tributary of the Kabini River, called the Kalindi, joins it. The Kabani flows through Kerala only for a stretch of 8 kms and turns eastward to join the Cauvery<br />
river at Tirumakudal in Narasipur, Karnataka. The Cauvery finally empties into the Bay of Bengal.</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-39157584390542465342011-12-18T20:33:00.001+05:302011-12-18T20:36:02.378+05:30Mud puddling<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Mud-puddling is the phenomenon mostly seen in butterflies and involves their aggregation on substrates like wet soil, dung and carrion to obtain nutrients such as salts and amino acids.<br />
This behavior is restricted to males in many species. In tropical India this phenomenon is mostly seen in the post-monsoon season. The groups can include several species often including members of the Papilionidae and Pieridae. <span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">Following pictures were captured from the banks of Bhavani river in South India of Common Lime Butterfly<i>(Papilio demoleus)</i></span>. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_rMxJQgLyhdlCsH6m-mblgRDfSvAMAu96T0hM18cfEHIdw-tjppfpo59NvDLUVP8vp_Wr0W3dyEy5pk5blHb5zJJi3RRfSXHSBu6NDW5OgQyiPrTdZr0tfs6GOJRs1ZzOzX5DCpB_vg/s1600/Common+Lime+Butterfly_Papilio+demoleus1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFAeGD1n_C3KPyLR63iTCMkj0-heLL-pHPnZpYnDtJhX1LSXwf1uR6R8gco0b3va_KxHWQjV2c7cdcA6f_3MdMpJc4Ejt1n1r1GvLD4_WY2jcL8vjrjzY-focaampn5Mo0pBQeY7duSVs/s1600/Common+Lime+Butterfly_Papilio+demoleus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFAeGD1n_C3KPyLR63iTCMkj0-heLL-pHPnZpYnDtJhX1LSXwf1uR6R8gco0b3va_KxHWQjV2c7cdcA6f_3MdMpJc4Ejt1n1r1GvLD4_WY2jcL8vjrjzY-focaampn5Mo0pBQeY7duSVs/s320/Common+Lime+Butterfly_Papilio+demoleus.jpg" width="263" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">Common Lime Butterfly<i>(Papilio demoleus)</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Males seem to benefit from the sodium uptake through mud-puddling behaviour with an increase in reproductive success. The collected sodium and amino acids are often transferred to the female with the spermatophore during mating as a nuptial gift. This nutrition also enhances the survival rate of the eggs.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_rMxJQgLyhdlCsH6m-mblgRDfSvAMAu96T0hM18cfEHIdw-tjppfpo59NvDLUVP8vp_Wr0W3dyEy5pk5blHb5zJJi3RRfSXHSBu6NDW5OgQyiPrTdZr0tfs6GOJRs1ZzOzX5DCpB_vg/s1600/Common+Lime+Butterfly_Papilio+demoleus1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6_rMxJQgLyhdlCsH6m-mblgRDfSvAMAu96T0hM18cfEHIdw-tjppfpo59NvDLUVP8vp_Wr0W3dyEy5pk5blHb5zJJi3RRfSXHSBu6NDW5OgQyiPrTdZr0tfs6GOJRs1ZzOzX5DCpB_vg/s320/Common+Lime+Butterfly_Papilio+demoleus1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="commentBody" data-jsid="text">Common Lime Butterfly<i>(Papilio demoleus)</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<i> Papilio demoleus</i> is an aggressive and very common butterfly. It is perhaps the most widely distributed swallowtail in the world. The widespread range of <i>Papilio demoleus</i> indicates the butterfly's tolerance and adaptation to diverse habitats. It is to be found in savannahs, fallow lands, gardens, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and shows a preference for stream and riverbeds.<br />
<br />
</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-70142863038046979832011-12-17T21:55:00.000+05:302011-12-17T21:55:03.392+05:30Frost<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_h4pka3kRGp8w6PtOY_fh0d7OhfqfTETGiayFLQxWLV5Tb4I9d9yUpIsdhYaSPEWKSKk25Dng84xaEQ-JqRWyiTptghbzgrxGGYnP0jqMF_QJEXdpqD3H41WEiAKI0nciBNapwdC_pA/s1600/DSC00521.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb_h4pka3kRGp8w6PtOY_fh0d7OhfqfTETGiayFLQxWLV5Tb4I9d9yUpIsdhYaSPEWKSKk25Dng84xaEQ-JqRWyiTptghbzgrxGGYnP0jqMF_QJEXdpqD3H41WEiAKI0nciBNapwdC_pA/s320/DSC00521.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frost on the grass</td></tr>
</tbody></table>If a solid surface is chilled below the dew point of the surrounding air and the surface itself is colder than freezing, frost will form on the surface.<br />
<br />
In general, for frost to form the deposition surface must be colder than the surrounding air.Many plants can be damaged or killed by freezing temperatures or frost. This varies with the type of plant and tissue exposed to low temperatures.<br />
<br />
Tender plants like the grass in the picture, die when they are exposed to frost. Cold-hardy plants, such as the plants in the higher elevations can tolerate extended periods of freezing. Eg- <i>Rhododendron nilgiricum</i><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6dEhWBeSYOFg8uRGVjNwxcVwK-ZHS7ivQiUZVIxBpV837R5C_ctPGz_mE4iWr60hql1Y3jYsTU6V1WUZLPciQKpBfx4ezvvDx2RY60WNcYk_oHsQWvKVnxux-WdnzbLw5aM0rvK1RFA/s1600/DSCF1312.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6dEhWBeSYOFg8uRGVjNwxcVwK-ZHS7ivQiUZVIxBpV837R5C_ctPGz_mE4iWr60hql1Y3jYsTU6V1WUZLPciQKpBfx4ezvvDx2RY60WNcYk_oHsQWvKVnxux-WdnzbLw5aM0rvK1RFA/s320/DSCF1312.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Rhododendron nilgiricum </i>in the higher elevation<i>.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<b>What causes such wide variations in the sensitivity of plants to cold? </b><br />
As a consequence of natural selection, plants native to a particular hardiness zone are adapted to the temperature extremes that occur in their environment. <br />
In fact, the most widely held explanation of frost damage in plants is that death is caused directly by the advanced state of cellular dehydration that results when ice forms in tissues. <br />
According to this explanation when the concentation of water in cells falls below a critical "threshold" value, protein<br />
molecules in the cells’ protoplasm begin to cross-link with each other, forming a stable but nonfunctional matrix. In this permanently altered state of protoplasm, metabohsm slows to a standstill and, since the cells die, the entire plant dies.<br />
Apparently, species of plants that survive temperatures lethal to other species do so by preventing the dehydration caused by ice formation.<br />
<br />
Finally, certain plants are cold tolerant simply because they can recover from even the extreme dehydration<br />
that accompanies ice formation. Examples of such species is Rhododendron nilgiricum.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1198.pdf%20"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1198.pdf </span></a></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-19853758175236990042011-09-19T16:36:00.000+05:302011-09-19T16:36:19.372+05:30Sonerila speices<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: left;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-IN</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>ML</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">A plant belongs to melastomaceae family. A herb sometime shrubby below, sometimes stemless, often fleshy. Leaves of some plants are marked. Most Melastomataceae usually have a foliar venation, in a reproductive biological context, the presence this gland is a unique feature.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi37q1qGnJaTrbN4HOMkqFZXstHnDuxsa1ir8lbZspp6a_uEtNY8cgtRnUMf4xLgKorBs8ldU9-VdnXNl6Mv4yrogduX6XCa6pMzxG8ibJzOpm2d6O8ajoWl9VPR96BAoNDVNq33j4jgb8/s1600/Sonerila+sp+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi37q1qGnJaTrbN4HOMkqFZXstHnDuxsa1ir8lbZspp6a_uEtNY8cgtRnUMf4xLgKorBs8ldU9-VdnXNl6Mv4yrogduX6XCa6pMzxG8ibJzOpm2d6O8ajoWl9VPR96BAoNDVNq33j4jgb8/s320/Sonerila+sp+%25281%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="st"><em>Sonerila spp.</em></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><pre></pre></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-53771830402128397582011-05-07T19:32:00.003+05:302011-05-07T20:04:29.115+05:30Vellari Combai<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Vellari Combai is one of the oldest Kurumba villages in the Nilgiris. This village lays on the eastern slopes of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, north of Coimbatore hills, west of Mettupalayam town. From Kotagiri- Mettupalayam road one need to walk 1.30 hours and had to cross Chundapatty (another kurumba village) to reach this village.<br />
There are around 20 families in this village, they are engaged in small scale agriculture, they grow jack trees, arecanut trees, coffee, coconut trees, pepper vines etc. Major portion of the landholding has been left uncultivated for more than seven years because of regular cropraiding by elephants and Indian gaur. Major portion of the landholding looks like a degraded forest now. Soil is cultivable with a color range of brown and black. As the village is on the steep slopes there are no wells so they get drinking water from the hill top through a pipe connection provided by the Hill Area Development Program. We could see that it was raining on the south east hills of the village and feel the change in the atmosphere but not even a drop fell onto these slopes. On the same day of May 2011, by 02.00 hours, as though a huge cloud which could not hold any more water, rain started and continued till 06.30 am.<br />
Impacts of land use change in the upper region can be seen within the village and near by slopes also. Two kilometers south-east of this village there is a rock with ancient paintings, villagers call this as <i>ezhuthupara</i> (a rock with inscription). If traveling towards this rock we need to cross four mountain originated streams. One of them is perennial and in summer months villagers depend this stream. The first stream from the village had a massive land slide in the last year still we can see huge rocks and large amount of mud fluxed down.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7OVPJWAZuG4s1F6sNlC8W2Tcl7Qili8Oufs1zb2tW1CK6ZNBUK4rz9ssQJSoeed7LmjKPdBYbowig5WMDlPGf4mo-_5veT6CqNLD-3Bkypa0WDx0p8yWL5eXTJ0nhmjtXVLt45c_Yw-E/s1600/DSC00420.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7OVPJWAZuG4s1F6sNlC8W2Tcl7Qili8Oufs1zb2tW1CK6ZNBUK4rz9ssQJSoeed7LmjKPdBYbowig5WMDlPGf4mo-_5veT6CqNLD-3Bkypa0WDx0p8yWL5eXTJ0nhmjtXVLt45c_Yw-E/s320/DSC00420.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drawings on Ezhuthupara</td></tr>
</tbody></table> As I mentioned earlier this area looks exactly like a forest area. To prove this lets look at the number of bird species observed here. 39 bird species from morning to afternoon! All of them are forest birds. A pair of Great Indian Hornbill, Streak throated woodpecker, Velvet fornted Nuthatch, Malabar shama, Yellow browed bulbull, Scarlet minivet, Brown crowned pygmy woodpecker etc.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM1CtvMUshl0ubJ-h5YnI2gF_HJWt9kyPe_WcFNEC1c6Sy-jvIDKmPB2HDHntkC2dDbzq1nbMd18ou42LlzPxzm18PD8Snu2Heim8j7Eok-zqggXZMAUBANdPbo5v75G6x-J1BaYiyJmA/s1600/DSC00398.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM1CtvMUshl0ubJ-h5YnI2gF_HJWt9kyPe_WcFNEC1c6Sy-jvIDKmPB2HDHntkC2dDbzq1nbMd18ou42LlzPxzm18PD8Snu2Heim8j7Eok-zqggXZMAUBANdPbo5v75G6x-J1BaYiyJmA/s320/DSC00398.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brown Crowned Pigmy Woodpecker</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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</span></div></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-51959140275809819372011-05-05T14:05:00.004+05:302011-05-07T20:47:38.421+05:30Crested Serpent Eagle<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Eagles, birds of prey were always an attraction to me. Their their flight, wings, wings span, keen senses especially sight, talons, beak and power to terrify other birds etc. Birds of preys are also called as raptors, which is derived from a Latin word <i>rapere</i> meaning to seize or take by force.<br />
On the way a to a village called Vellari Combai, in the eastern slopes of the Nilgiri hills facing Mettupalayam.<br />
A Crested Serpent Eagle was looking for a prey in a moist deciduous forest. It came to a huge albesia tree where there were nests of a White cheeked Barbet and a Plum Headed Parakeet are found. Next to the albesia tree there was ficus tree which was fruiting to attract seeds carriers to disperse next generation to other regions. copper smith barbet, fairy blue bird, yellow browed bulbuls, red vented & whiskered bulbuls and brown crowned pygmy wood pecker were feasting on this five star tree. As soon as the eagle came to albesia, one of the bulbuls made alarm calls. With in a minute 3 Ashy Swallow Shrikes joined the bulbuls. I did not notice a single myna in the close vicinity but as soon as ashy swallow shrikes started the attack two jungle mynas also arrived. Those mynas and swallows heard the alarm call gave by bulbul? I do not know how!! It was amazing to see 3 Red whiskered bulbuls, 2 Jungle Mynas, 3 Ashy Swallow Shrikes attacking a common enemy, relatively a much larger predator. Swallows were the best, they attacked like a boomerang with a <i>shirrr... shirrr...</i>call and they were really aiming at the head of the eagle but eagle hardly bothered they were attacking. But this attitude continued only till the mynas joined to party. Jungle mynas were wild in the onslaught, they crackled and pecked with fury. I don't know by what this eagle got disturbed but there was a change in eagle's attitude and it turned to the other direction to take off and with the next attack from myna the raptor took off.<br />
Team work, I would call it. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiStvEYvYtLR9BmqOOcjLesplZGLKYfPtcgJbAKscQd4YHCRIm_lU7rnwRy4uMKXb27k0SznlTnulN-qTjmbACk4yTUda_BiV9oG01NHJyWZV3eK7ot9YY4vvb3LTwjxSVVX1dqzrZG_Sw/s1600/DSC00386.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiStvEYvYtLR9BmqOOcjLesplZGLKYfPtcgJbAKscQd4YHCRIm_lU7rnwRy4uMKXb27k0SznlTnulN-qTjmbACk4yTUda_BiV9oG01NHJyWZV3eK7ot9YY4vvb3LTwjxSVVX1dqzrZG_Sw/s320/DSC00386.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crested Serpent-eagle</td></tr>
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</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-82294459705542683942011-04-28T16:53:00.002+05:302011-05-05T13:26:07.789+05:30Walk on the shola boundary<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">It was a day after the rain. One of my friends and me decided to go one of the sholas in the Nilgiris. We had to reasons for the walk. I have been telling him about the number of Blak and Orange Fly catchers I used to see in my walks. This time it was nothing but White-Bellied Shortwing and Nilgiri Wood Pigeon. There were lots leeches creeping onto the foot and some of them almost reached my neck. So called hunting parties were busy hunting worms and insects in the early morning. We could hear Nilgiri Laughing Thrushes and Indian Scimitar Babblers presence through out the shola, but he hardly spot any one of them.<br />
Suddenly I heard chirp from the near by kurinji bushes. Cant believe. That was a wild dream came true to us. A pair of White Bellied Shortiwings. They flew into the shola, we followed them to a safer point, where they can,t see us. They were mating and later male bird started feeding her with worms. My friend got few photos of the male bird with food on the beak. We almost spend an hour with them in between laughing thrushes and flycatchers came and gone!!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvi07ilyvLNW2VAwHe71VeyncklfHUDuJ2gjSskIiL4gyEes_OhfNXDrpFc5tu5sk0Vf-Twn__dOjQMpKM8hqzNymAkE-oPgElEykztdrTqFnYcckKsnr_1LthGG8MWzjo4L97T5xcQ0/s1600/DSC00382.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvi07ilyvLNW2VAwHe71VeyncklfHUDuJ2gjSskIiL4gyEes_OhfNXDrpFc5tu5sk0Vf-Twn__dOjQMpKM8hqzNymAkE-oPgElEykztdrTqFnYcckKsnr_1LthGG8MWzjo4L97T5xcQ0/s320/DSC00382.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painted Bush Quail</td></tr>
</tbody></table>We came out of the shola and started walking towards east, towards the top of the mountain expecting to get at least one photo or a video clip of a N L Thrush. We were walking by the forest road. Both sides were fenced with black wattle, nothing else. I felt so sad that I made my friend to travel a lot to see these wattle trees. We walked and walked saw a small patch of shola after a point. I hear some bird coming down from the forest of our right side, they would cross the road he said. Suddenly some thing started rolling down and four of them followed. They were a group of Painted bush Quail <em>(Perdicula erythrorhyncha)</em>. That was an amazing sight they came to the trek path and started pecking under the leaves. Male bird has red bill, black face, white throat and red leg. Their call can be written as kirkee kirkee kirkee. They were very cautious, that I guess they heard our breath, thats it they flew away in a fraction of a second with an alarming call.</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-69633270538773950932011-04-28T15:49:00.000+05:302011-04-28T15:49:47.923+05:30Kabani River<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There are three East flowing rivers in Kerala. Kabani is one of the tributaries of east flowing inter state river Kauvery. About 6 km north of Panamaram, the Kabini takes birth. It is the confluence of the Panamaram river, originating in the Western ghats near Lakkidi, 1371 mtr above sea level, and the Mananthavady river, springing from the 1500 Tondarmudi.The river originates from Pakramthalam hills at Kuttyadi-Mananthavady road. Makkiyad river and Periya river join it near Korome and Valad respectively. After flowing through Mananthavady town, Panamaram river joins Kabini near Payyampally. One branch of the Panamaram river starts from the Banasura Sagar reservoir near Padinjarethara and the other branch of the river start from Lakkidi hills. After traversing two more kilometres from the confluence of Panamaram river Kabini forms an island called Kuruva Island, spreading over 520 acres (2.1 km2) with diverse flora and fauna. Between Kabani reservoir and Kuruva island Kalindi river joins Kabini. Kalindi river originates from Brahmagiri hills which on reaching near Tirunelly temple the rivulet Papanasini joins it. The Kabini flows through Kerala only for a stretch of 8 km. It covers about 12 km along the Kerala-Karnataka border, before moving northward, at Kalvalli, towards Mysore and flows eastward to join the Kaveri River at Tirumakudal Narasipur in Karnataka, which empties into the Bay of Bengal. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The total drainage of area of Kabani upto the point where it crosses the state boundary is 2,070 sq km of which an extant of which 1,920 sq km is within Kerala.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLZ2vOOzzAdeqYK3xFodcVkXZOv9Pfo8jxClKv6o37IcIFOQrr7mF1WLIyQBtv1qqkW198uFMSSvZF0Xtsix4eMhkcbtIE_aeJg5Vl0QbsNYZuHD2kW_MvPEbKQxybwPvPYMoFc9484TE/s1600/leopard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLZ2vOOzzAdeqYK3xFodcVkXZOv9Pfo8jxClKv6o37IcIFOQrr7mF1WLIyQBtv1qqkW198uFMSSvZF0Xtsix4eMhkcbtIE_aeJg5Vl0QbsNYZuHD2kW_MvPEbKQxybwPvPYMoFc9484TE/s320/leopard.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">a leopard on the banks of River Kabani in the summer</td></tr>
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</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-54318325782778128132011-04-12T20:18:00.000+05:302011-04-12T20:18:03.582+05:30Do you know rivers will also become older!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Youthful River</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A river with a steep gradient that has very few tributaries and flows quickly. Its channels erode deeper rather than wider.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mature River</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A river with a gradient that is less steep than those of youthful rivers and flows more slowly. A mature river is fed by many tributaries and has more discharge than a youthful river. Its channels erode wider rather than deeper.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 84.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Old River<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> A river with a low gradient and low erosive energy. Old rivers are characterized by flood plains.</span><br />
</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-84283385799281347832011-04-12T19:46:00.002+05:302011-04-21T20:15:33.771+05:30Why temperature drops with altitude?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBSRC55ZkB5sIn6a46DmYEHAF82VzYWC9NRJ7WM07nF2uMQP0vXCwrAS2lDvHIDyDwgVUvhC99UPw1Smvp6F7TrA8_Gyy2W1J5ohRgY4UCNgIA7uRuMYK_N0WODqYlS9OLkiGuA0sHxd4/s1600/Alexander_von_Humboldt-selfportrait.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBSRC55ZkB5sIn6a46DmYEHAF82VzYWC9NRJ7WM07nF2uMQP0vXCwrAS2lDvHIDyDwgVUvhC99UPw1Smvp6F7TrA8_Gyy2W1J5ohRgY4UCNgIA7uRuMYK_N0WODqYlS9OLkiGuA0sHxd4/s320/Alexander_von_Humboldt-selfportrait.jpg" width="245" /></a></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as altitude increases. The rate at which the temperature decreases, is called the environmental lapse rate (ELR). The ELR is nothing more the difference in temperature between the surface and the tropopause divided by the height. The reason for this temperature difference is the absorption of the sun's energy occurs at the ground which heats the lower levels of the atmosphere, and the radiation of heat occurs at the top of the atmosphere cooling the earth, this process maintaining the overall heat balance of the earth. The temperature drop with height is 6.5 degrees Celsius per 1000 meters/ the temperature drop with height is 0.0065 degree Celsius per 1 meter.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another interesting information about the increase in the altitude is that:-</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Montane Wet temperate forests- the adoption of the term temperate in respect of montane conditions in the tropics was originally put forward by Humboldt in 1817 who generalized that the successive altitudinal zones of vegetation correspond to the latitudinal zones from equator to the poles. An increase of elevation, according to him, about 1,000m. On a tropical mountain would correspond to an increase of about 9<sup>0 </sup>30’ of latitude, or roughly a difference of 100 m. in altitude could be equivalent to a difference of 1<sup>0<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>latitude. According to this, an altitude of about 8000 m. correspond phytogeographycally to the poles!!</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Inspite of the obvious general similarity between the physiognomy (in ecology = The apparent characteristics) of the vegetaion at different altitudes and that at latitudes of corresponding mean temperature, this concept has been held to be inappropriate as being far too simple to be general application; for, on closer scrutiny, this similarity will be found to be far from exact. The climate of the equivalent altitudinal and latitudinal zones is never the same, since in a given altitudinal zone at the equator the length of day and the seasonal changes are greatly different.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Ref:-Nilgiris District Gazatteer) </span></div></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-19531466417643836972011-03-09T13:00:00.000+05:302011-03-09T13:00:25.940+05:30Banasura hills<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/114514880347221678402/ConservationPlus?authkey=Gv1sRgCN-T79Oxou3pNA#5581978684237832946" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1daOaDlv3gozhNi0EaZzKxN_dLDrE3xFKMUgrKX0Q1UPhauoYp3CKWIbTFdauZmoIcda6CgGqfDWcqWGg2tDL5GCSDFG_z0Ia5I8WDXh8A2U5Kj4WR2MSZ52phh7ga3f1lSpzA82XyVA/s320/DSC00096.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the Dam from Banasura hills</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Banasura hills are located in Wayanad District of Kerala in the Western Ghats. It is the catchment area of the largest earthen dam in India and the second largest in Asia, Banasura Sagar. </div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-4995150344035467682011-01-07T21:58:00.000+05:302011-01-07T21:58:33.466+05:30Jonathan Livingston Seagull<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/114514880347221678402/ConservationPlus?authkey=Gv1sRgCN-T79Oxou3pNA#5559481045353155506" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUK8SmrgM6cvly1iHT7A5mp5JeOUvvPxP3pTA-CcUG-QI8famLHKSiCBJFonq9c5cfu9AcWaFCXh81UvAofHi_mcEaCsjA2nyvbXWtzy7ARblxsNswA7MYI4u_0BfhMgqVPdp9F8lkoYE/s320/seagull.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Jonathan Livingston Seagull (</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1970)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, a story about a seagull who flew for the love of flying rather than merely to catch food, was published by Macmillan Publishers after the manuscript was turned down by many other publishers. The book, which included unique photos of seagulls in flight by photographer Russell Munson, became a number-one bestseller. The book contained fewer than 10,000 words, yet it broke all hardcover sales records since Gone with the Wind. It sold more than 1,000,000 copies in 1972 alone. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-591134331976461979.post-79348228335418119402011-01-07T18:39:00.004+05:302011-01-07T18:52:36.740+05:30Large-eyed bronze back tree snake<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/114514880347221678402/ConservationPlus?authkey=Gv1sRgCN-T79Oxou3pNA#5559430091182115746" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvw9_sag67HxKODOIOAFL8KFYtvgOI6LueQEnqqGCx_sCDkAZjebRQW1OLtmAVjkcSzN6gtVpHvoh68AiPkoCI30S4maS75jvDxU98iJe9-iepvNCvZQjP2HJhB5ncEq8OJ7J5cjrGkNs/s320/Large+eyed+bronze+back+tree+snake+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Large-eyed bronze back tree snake</span></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Large-eyed bronze back tree snake</span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: Arial, Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dendrelaphis grandoculis, </span></span></i><span style="font-family: Arial, Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Coluberidae</span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">This endemic snake to India was crossing the road, a ghat road in the Nadugani and I was driving to Kerala. This snake is tiny, slender and slightly flattened body. This snake feeds on frogs, lizards and geckos. Occasionally eats baby snakes and small birds.</span></span></div>Saneeshhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04639259205076505843noreply@blogger.com0